Unit ( 3
) "Energy " " الطاقة "
1- Vocabulary
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energy
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طاقه – قدرة – حيوية
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power
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طاقة – قوة - سلطة
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renewable ( used again) (
wind-water)
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متجدد
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alarm
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انزار – منبه
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non-renewable(used only once)(oil)
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غير متجدد
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vegetable oil
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الوقود الحيوى
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last forمده (for ever)
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يدوم – يستمر لمده ( للأبد)
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vehicles
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مركبات
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run out (of مفعول)
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يستنفذ - ينتهي
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sugar cane
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قصب السكر
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oil
/ coal
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البترول \ الفحم
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palm trees
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النخيل
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natural gas
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الغاز الطبيعي
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corn \ beans
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حبوب الزرة \ الفول
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prefix (non\in)
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حروف اول كلمه تغير معناها
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forms of energy
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أشكال الطاقة
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wind power
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طاقه الرياح
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central
heating
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التدفئة المركزية
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fossil fuels ( oil ,coal, gas)
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الوقود الحفري
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call
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يسمى – يدعى ينادى
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geothermal (below the earth)
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طاقه من تحت الأرض
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huge amounts of
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كميات ضخمة من
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below the earth
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أسفل – تحت الأرض
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along the red sea
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بمحاذاة البحر الأحمر
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earth's surface
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سطح الأرض
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lake Nasser
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بحيرة ناصر
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hot rocks
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صخور ساخنة
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go through
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يمضى عبر - يتصفح
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pressure
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الضغط
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depend on
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تعتمد على
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liquid ( oil – water)
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سائل
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come up through a hole
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تأتى عبر فتحه
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molten (rocks-metals)
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منصهرة فى درجه حرارة عاليه
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extremely dangerous to
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خطيرة للغاية لـ
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nuclear power
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الطاقة النووية
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It is important for us toمصدر
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مهم أن
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nuclear reaction
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تفاعل نووى
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save energy
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نوفر الطاقة
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power station
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محطة طاقة
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instead of
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بدلا من
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v to be +Piped to ( v)
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تضخ عبر أنابيب إلى
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switch off # switch on
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يطفئ # يضيئ
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steam ( make)
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بخار
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travel habits
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عادات السفر
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generate\ Produce\ make electricity
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يولد كهرباء
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lighting
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الإنارة – الإضاءة
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connected to
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متوصل بـ
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cooking
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الطهى
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Pump water(into = to)( up)
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يضخ المياه(إلى) (أعلى)
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damage to
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يتلف / تلف
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drill deep below
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يحفر عميقا أسفل
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camp
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يعسكر/ معسكر
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atom \ atomic energy
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ذرة \ طاقة ذرية
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limp
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يعرج/يتمايل
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split ( atoms)
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ينشطر- ينقسم (للذرات)
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roar
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يزأر ( صوت زئير الأسد)
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hydroelectric (water)
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طاقة هيدروجينية (من المياه)
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bio-fuels
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الوقودالحيوي
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wind turbine
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تربين الرياح
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recycle
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يعيد استخدام الشيئ مرة ثانيه
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live without = do without
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يعيش بدون – يستغنى عن
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Holes
/ tower
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فتحات \ برج
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form (make) fossil fuels
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يكون الوقود الحفرى
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harness
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يُسخر / يستخدم / يستغل
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solar energy (the sun)
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طاقة شمسية
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blade
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ريشه المروحة - شفرة
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reduce ( our use of…)
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نقلل ( استخدامنا لـ
)
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under
ground wires
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أسلاك تحت الأرض
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Sail ships ( wind )
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تساعد على إبحار السفن
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rubbish=litter
=garbage
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قمامة – نفايا
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Power supplies =sources of energy
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مصادر الطاقة
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enormous
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هائل – ضخم – كبير
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dangerous waste
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مخلفات خطيرة
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generation
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جيل
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v to be + stored for
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تخزن لمدة
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incredible
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لا يصدق
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costly
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مكلفة
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conclude
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يستنتج / يختم
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clean energy ( doesn't pollute)
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طاقة نظيفة
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springs
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منابع المياه – عيون المياه
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be+ captured (energy)
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يستحوذ – تستغل- يستولى علي
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transport(v-n)
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ينقل - النقل
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use up = run out = consume
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يستهلك – ينهى
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industry=manufacturing
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الصناعة
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make greater use of (the sun)
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يستغل استغلال جيد لـ
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inexpensive=cheap
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رخيص – ليس غالى
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increase by + ( رقم%)
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يزيد بنسبة ( رقم فى المائة )
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waterfalls
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شلالات
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alternative sources of energy
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مصادر بديله للطاقة
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landfill
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مكان لجمع القمامة
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rather than / other than
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أفضل من \ بخلاف
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dump ( rubbish)
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يلقى القمامة – يرمى
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pressure
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الضغط
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newspaper headlines
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مانشتات جرائد
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2- Some definitions
Atom : the smallest part
that a substance can be divided into ذرة
Waste : materials which we
get rid of as we don't need them. فضلات
– نفايا
generate : to produce
electricity, power, heat, etc. يولد
( كهرباء )
molten : molten metal or
rock is liquid because it is extremely hot. منصهر
Renewable : It can
be used again .It lasts forever. (sun-wind-water) متجدد
Non-renewable : It can be used only once and it runs out. (oil – gas - coal) غير متجدد
Hydroelectric : getting energy from water like dams or waterfalls. طاقه
من المياه
Geothermal : getting energy from rocks under the earth. طاقه الأرض
Solar energy : getting energy from the sun. طاقه
شمسيه
Liquid : a substance such as
water which is not solid or a gas سائل
Nuclear : produced when an
atom is split or joined to another نووى
fossil (fuel) : made from animals or plants millions of
years ago وقود
حفرى
wind turbine : turned by the wind,
used for making electricity. تربين
الرياح
Coal :
is
a black fossil fuel from underground الفحم
3 - Language Notes:
1-
energy طاقة – قدرة – حيوية (
نشاط) -
I don't have energy to get up from bed.
- Power طاقه – قوة - سلطة -
He has power on all his friends .
2-splitينشطر
للذرة – ينقسم -
spell/spelt يتهجى
- Spill \ spilt يسكب -
slip ينزلق spoil/spoilt
يفسد
3- + الشيئ
last + for المدة يستغرق
- يستمر لمدة
- The
sun’s energy will last for another five billion years.
- It takes+ مفعول + المدة
+ to مصدر تأخذ منى - It takes me 2 hours to go there.
شخص- spend + المدة + v+ing يقضى مدة في -
I spend 8 hours studying my lessons a day .
4-
Molten ( metal – rocks ) ( in furnaceفى الفرن العالى ) منصهر بحرارة عالية
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Melt (ice-snow-chocolate) يذوب بحرارة
عادية كالثلج
-
dissolve ( sugar – salt)in waterيذوب
5-
(geo = earth / rock) (thermal = heat) - Geothermal means heat from the earth
or rocks.
6-
Stop + v+ ing يتوقف عن عمل هذا الشيئ ) ) -Stop
to يتوقف لكى يفعل هذا الشيء
) مصدر )
- To
save energy ,we must stop using up non-renewable sources of energy.
- On my
way home, I stopped to buy a paper.
7-
another + اسم مفرد يعد
/ one (= one more / a different one)
- This
tea is nice. I’d like another cup. -
He lost his job. He’s trying to find another one.
§ another + (few / number : two,
three,….)
- The
woman lived for another ten days. -
I’d like to stay here for another few weeks.
§ other + اسم
جمع يعد/ (و
أحيانا اسم لا يعد)
- I need
to discuss this with other colleagues. -
There was certainly other information. ( لا تجمع)
§ others + v. يمكن
أن تأتى في نهاية الجملة
- Some people are rich; othersالبعض الأخر are poor. - Some writers are greater than othersالآخرين
.
¨في حالة
وجود أحد الكلمات الآتية the / some /
every / each / many / any / no / (two, three,..) يستخدم بعدها other :
- Please, John, bring the other chairs here.
- I love my son like any
other mother does.
- He
gave me one book and kept the other one. - Steven and three other boys went to
the party.
4- Useful phrases and expressions
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·
Nothing can live without energy
·
(produce/make/generate)
electricity
·
we need to reduce our use of
·
used to sail ships and
·
used to pump water.
·
used to produce electricity.
·
Drill deep /
that's incredible
·
as much energy as
·
make è steam ,oil, electricity,
fuel
·
do
è survey into , lap
·
form
è Fossils , oil
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·
it has been a pleasure / it is known as
·
I see = I understand
·
can only be used once
·
water go through the high Dam
·
As well as +فعل + ing Ex As well as
being …
·
energy can now be captured and
stored.
·
It’s important for us to save energy
·
are extremely dangerous to
·
reduceè non
–renewable energy , oil
·
save
è energy , money
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5- Prepositions
can't
live without لا
يستطيع أن يعيش بدون come up through يخرج
من
do
survey into يقوم
بعمل مسح(دراسة) عن supply with يمد بـ
use
up = consume يستهلك
dangerous
to خطير
على
supply
with يمد ب last
for يستمر
- يدوم لمده
supply
of مصدر لـ - إمداد
بـ forms
of energy أشكال
الطاقة
blow
up = explode ينفجر good
/ better for جيد
لـ
turn
off= switch off يطفئ radiate
to يشع إلى
convert
into يتحول إلى according
to طبقا
لـ
connected
to شيئ
متوصل بـ run out (of مفعول) يستنفذ
- ينتهى
Pump
to يضخ
إلى Pump
water (into = to) (up) يضخ
مياه (إلى) (أعلى)
v
to be + piped to ( v) تضخ عبر أنابيب إلى turn into =change into يتحول الى
come
from تستمد من –
تأتى من Put straight into يوضع
مباشرة فى
type
of = kind of = sort of نوع
live without = do
without يعيش بدون-
يستغنى عن
depend
on-rely on=count onتعتمد على come
up through a hole تأتى-
يمر عبر فتحة
instead
of بدلا من (be) used for + v+ ing \ (be) used to + مصدر يستخدم من أجل
6- functions : What you say when……………….
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Asking
for information السؤال عن معلومات
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Giving information إعطاء
معلومات
|
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v
Excuse me, could I ask you some
questions about .........?
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v Yes,
of course.
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v Can
/ Could you tell me .........?
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v Yes,
that's fine..
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v Do
you know anything about.......?
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v Yes,
certainly.
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v Does
that mean ..........?
v Can
you say why / why not?
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v I'd
rather not answer that question.
في حالة عدم الرغبة
في الإجابة عن سؤال
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v Thank
you for your time.
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v (You're
welcome في حالة الرد)
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7- Grammar unit ( 3 )
1- Present
simple tenseالمضارع البسيط " "
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formationتكوينه
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uses استخدامه
|
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·
يتكون من المصدر
+ ies , es , s مع he, she, it
-
s تضاف لأي فعل عادي
es - تضاف للأفعال المنتهية بـ ( o, ch, sh, ss, x )
ies -تضاف للأفعال
المنتهية بـ y قبلها حرف ساكن تحذف الـ y ونضيف ies مثل carry / carries
·
نستخدم المصدر فقط
مع الضمائر I, we ,
they , you
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· يستخدم
ليعبر عن حدث متكرر أو عادة أو حقيقة ثابتة
- I go to school every day.
I visit my grandfather on Fridays.
-
The Earth goes round the sunf.
· يستخدم
ليعبر عن حقيقة مثل مواعيد المواصلات
- The train leaves at
7:30 am tomorrow.
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ملاحظات Notes
الكلمات
الدالة Its
words
|
·
A) توضع
تلك الكلمات في نهايــــــــة الجمـل
{ every, at night, in the morning –
once a week - on Sundays - on + أسم يوم جمع -from time to
time=now and again-as usual}
·
B) { sometimes أحيانا- often = frequentlyغالبا
usually
– occasionally -
من حين لأخر always = ever-
still - no longer لم يعد -never- rarely = scarcely = seldom نادرا } توضع تلك العلامات *
He
always comes late.بين الفاعل والفعل
الأساسي
He is
always late إذا كان بالجملةv to be و
لكن بعد
·
ينفى
المضارع البسيط بـ
(المصدر
(doesn't \ don't
أو بعلامات النفي التي لا يوضع معها notوياتى
مضارع
(never-scarcely-hardly-rarely+
مضارع بسيط)
Ex He doesn't go
late = He never goes late.
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·
1- يستخدم مضارع بعدهم بدلا من المستقبل ولهم قاعدتان
{As soon as- after- when- till- until-before }
مستقبل بسيط \ أمر …,....
مضارع بسيط ) رابط *(
ماضي
بسيط........,......ماضي تام ( رابط )* ولكن
:
Ex After he comes,
I will meet him.
After he had come, I met him.
·
لاحظ إذا جاء أحد
علامات النفي أول الجملة نضع بعدهم صيغة سؤال أي يقدم المساعد على الفاعل كالآتي
{Never-Scarcely-Hardly-Rarely-No longer }
العلامة في
الأول) do \ does (المصدر +الفاعل.
كالآتي
Ex He does not come late. ( Never ) ( does)
- Never does he come late.
فى المضارع البسيط قبل الفعل الأساسي still لاحظ
A
lot of people still read Dr Aisha's books.
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" Present simple in Passive form "المبنى
للمجهول للمضارع البسيط" "
المفعول
يصبح فاعل ) + am ,
is ,are + PP + by + يصبح مفعول ( الفاعل
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· Rubbish is burnt to produce electricity .
· Holes
are drilled into earth to find water.
· Water
is pumped to the surface.
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· The
wind is used to generate electricity .
· Huge
amount of energy is produced .
· A tall tower is built in an open place.
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Mini-exam on unit (3)
1) What do you say when?
1.
You are doing a survey
about energy, you would like to ask someone some questions .
2.
You want to know
about your friend's energy saving habits.
3.
You don't understand
"hydroelectric" what do you
ask?
4.
Someone asks you how
you usually travel school every day.
5.
You're asked to give
a detailed description for geothermal energy.
6.
You give an idea for
recycling plan.
7.
You give your pen
friend an account of types of energy used in Egypt.
8.
Make a prediction of
the future sources of energy .
9.
Your friend predicts
that we'll use dust as a fuel .what's your impression.
2) Say
where these take place who the speakers are :
1-A:
so, for your homework, I want you all to make a list of all the plants growing
in your neighbourdhood
B:
shall we just write the names of the plants?
A:
No, write the names and a short description.
B:
when is the homework for?
A:
Next Thursday, please.
2- A: Excuse me Sir. The
captain has asked everyone to return to their seats.
B:
Does that mean we are going to land soon?
A:
yea, in about fifteen minutes.
3) Choose the correct answer :
1- Electricity
is produced in a ………………… station.
a) bus b) railway c) power d) energy
2- Wind
and wave power are types of …………….. energy.
a) new b) waste c) renewable d)
non-renewable
3- ………
is a way to reuse materials such as paper and glass rather than throwing them
away.
a)
Returning b)
Restoring c) Removing d) Recycling
4- Hydroelectric
power does not (purify-pollinate-pollute-promote) the atmosphere.
a) purify b) pollinate c) pollute d) promote
5- Most
furniture (a) made b) is made c) make d)
makes)from wood.
6- Many
people ………….. vegetables in their gardens.
a) growing b) are grown c) grow d) is grown
7- Petrol
(a)made b) makes c) are made d) is made) from oil.
8- In
some modern homes, water ………….. by energy from the sun.
a) are heated b) heat c) is heated d) is heating
9- In
some places, wood ……………… to heat people’s homes.
a) is burnt b) are burnt c) burns d) burnt
10- Scientists
………………………… to find more sources of renewable energy.
a) is wanted b) am wanted c) has wanted d) want
11- Scientists
are still ………………… to find out what happens when we sleep.
a) have been trying b) trying c) try d)
tried
12- Water
……………… to people’s houses in large plastic bottles.
a) is brought b) is bringing c) bringing d) brought
13- Renewable
energy does not run (out-into-in-over).
14- Coal,
oil and natural gas are all (renewable-fossil-nuclear-atomic) energy.
15- We
should (reduce-introduce-induce-deduce) the amount of energy.
16- Wind
is used to(do-generate-drill-measure) electricity.
17- Energy
from rubbish is (fossil – renewable - non-renewable - decayed) energy.
18- Animals
(composed - compose – decay - die) after death.
19- Groups
of windmills called wind(farms- fields- towers- parks) have been made in Egypt.
20- If
you make rock or metal very hot , it becomes (heat - molten -cool – melted)
21- It
is important to(use-recycle-restore-return) old things again.
22- Geothermal
is power from (the sun-the earth-the moon-atom).
23- The
word " geo" means ( moon- sun- earth - heat).
24- Atomic
fuel doesn't (pollute – pollution – pollutant - pollen) the environment.
25- (Anything-
Nothing-Something-Someone) can live without energy.
26- Wind
turbines are used to generate amounts of (water-electricity-atoms – turbines)
27- When
atoms (spelt-split-spilt-spoil) they produce nuclear energy.
28- Hydroelectric
power is (renewable- non-renewable – recycled - finished).
29- When
atoms are(spelt - split – spilt - spoiled) nuclear energy is produced.
30- (fossil
fuels - bio fuels - natural gas - chemical fuels) are oil or alcohol made from
plants
31- A(prefix
- suffix - proverb - complement) is a part of a word that goes before a word to
change its meaning.
32- Countries
need to cooperate to develop new (farms – flower - form - forces ) of energy
33- Some
countries cannot afford to (port- export – sell – import) fuels from other
countries
34- The
High Dam in Aswan supplies Egypt (for- to – with - from) a lot of its
electricity.
35- As
well as (be-being -making –having) expensive, fossil fuels pollutes air.
36- He's
been (said - know - appointed – same) as Assistant Secretary to the Minister .
37- The
knife has a sharp(handles – blade - fan - back )
38- Water
(pump-pumps -is pumped –pumping) to the surface and heated again.
39- Hot
water comes (on -to -up –into) through the earth's surface.
40- Wood,
(burning -is burnt -burns –burnt) in many parts of the world, causes
pollution.
41- The
motor in the wind tower (use -used -is used –using) to make blades turn
42- When
oil (find -found -is found –founded),it is pumped to the surface.
43- We
always (is locked - lock - locking - is locking)up before we leave.
44- (Is
- Does - Were – Do)your homework checked?
45- I
can't leave as I (examine - examines - am examined -'m not examined)
46- Trees
are sometimes (blow – blew – blown – blows) down in the night.
47- The buses (are running – runs – run – running)
less frequently on Sundays.
48- After
he (do – is doing – has done – had done) the shopping, he will visit a friend.
49- When
atoms are split, (nuclear – hydroelectric – solar – biological) energy is
produced.
4- Find the mistake and correct it in every
sentence
1.
Wood burns for heating
2.
She is being in London now.
3.
Wind turbines along the Red Sea in Egypt
exaggerate large amounts of electricity.
4.
Nuclear power produces dangerous
waist.
5.
Energy from the sun is the best form
of readable energy.
6.
His house is heating by the sun.
7.
Holes is drilled into the Earth to
find hot water.
8.
Oil company is searched for oil
everywhere
9.
Non-renewable forms of energy can be
used many times
10. We
get hydroelectric energy from the heat inside the earth
11. This
water is then pumping to the surface and is heated again to make steam
12. Nuclear
power is produced when a tomb split.
13. Energy
from the sun will list for another billion years.
5- A: Translate into
Arabic:
-The
Nuclear Security Summit in Washington was the first meeting of world leaders
that focused on how to keep nuclear materials away from terrorist groups. The
summit discussed the spread of nuclear weapons and the danger that they might
fall into the hands of terrorist groups.
B : Translate into
English:
1- حصلت مصر على كأس الأمم الأفريقية هذا العام
محققه بذلك انجازا عظيما (ث0ع 2006)
2- يستخدم الطلاب المصريون أجهزه الكمبيوتر فى مدارسهم وسيكون لذلك
أثره العظيم فى تقدم مصر (ث0ع 2006)
3-
إن الطاقة الذرية سلاح ذو حدين فهى نعمة فى وقت السلم ونقمة فى وقت الحرب.
4- يقوم العلماء بأبحاث عديدة للاستفادة القصوى
من مصادر الطاقة المتجددة كالماء والهواء .
5- كثير من أنواع النبات و الحيوان سوف تنقرض
بسبب التلوث البيئي.
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