Unit 2 2nd Year

Unit (2)

Gulliver's Travels

Vocabulary

Explanation  تفسير       Commentary   تعليق Diplomat        دبلوماسي Imaginative    خيلي \ واسع الخيال Politician      سياسي Politics         سياسة Publish        ينشر كتاب Writer          كاتب French         فرنسى Russian        روسى Irish              أيرلندى Farmer       فلاح Author        مؤلف web pages      صفحة ويب science fiction      خيال علمي storm         عاصفة shipwrecked      تحطم سفينة island         جزيرة       giant        عملاق enemy     عدو neighboring     جيران frightened        مرعوب capture          يأسر tie to              يربط فى stop from       يتوقف عن escaping      يهرب promise to    يعد بـ fight         يحارب against         ضد favourite       مفضل king          ملك queen      ملكة beat         يهزم  credit  ائتمان  \ رصيد دائن

Steal     يسرق شىء Rob      يسرق مكان / شخص agree with  يتفق مع punish       يعاقب angry     غاضب luckily     لحسن الحظ sail     يبحر / شراع Voyage      رحلة بحرية represent         يمثل ridiculous   سخيف foreigner     أجنبى make fun of    يسخر من reward     يكافئ European    أوروبي Within      خلال / فى غضون argue about   يجادل عن minds      عقول / يمانع as well as   بالإضافة إلى bodies       أجساد boiled      مسلوق adventures      مغامرات feel        يشعر famous        مشهور employ        يوظف employee    موظف government     حكومة speak for    يتكلم نيابة عن opinion      رأى available    متاح / متوفر description    وصف contain     يحتوى realize      يدرك relation   علاقة / قرابة  survey  دراسة \ مسح

Company   شركة Earn     يكسب Contact     يتصل بـ Diary     مذكرات يومية Shower    دش Archaeologist   عالم آثار Race     سباق Silly     سخيف laugh at   يسخر من rope     حبل String  خيط Guest        ضيف belong to   يخص / ينتمي إلى churchman = priest كاهن cathedral  كاتدرائية church    كنيسة success     نجاح published    منشورة imaginary      خيالى ( قصة ) Print       يطبع at the age of   فى عمر/ سن mistake     خطأ innocent      بريء guilty      مذنب sailors   البحارة captain   قبطان crew     طقم السفينة / الطائرة Parents  أباء    Exciting    مثير Bank account  حساب بنكى Banking    الأعمال البنكية Complain to   يشكو إلى     Complain about يشكو من    Occasions   مناسبات

Language Notes

1- agree to + inf. / N =è    يوافق  - He agreed to sign the papers.  - He agreed to our plan.

* agree with someone =è    يتفق مع  - I'm afraid I don't agree with you.

* agree on   ( something ) =è    مجموعة تتفق علي شيء / سعر  - We agreed on a price for the car.

* agree that   ( sentence           )  =è  It was agreed that he was the thief.

* accept     ( invitation / apology / condolences / bribes ) =è  يقبــل ( دعوة / اعتذار/ تعازي / رشوة )

He didn't accept her apology.        

2- steal      =è   يسـرق شـئ   - A thief stole my bag.                    - The thief stole my money.

* rob     =è      يسـرق مكـان   - A gang robbed the bank yesterday.

* rob somebody of something =è   يسلـب شـئ مـن شخـص  - They robbed him of his money.

3- brain =è  ( المـخ  ( عضـو بالجسـم يتحكـم فيـه   - The brain controls the parts of the body.

* mind    =è  ( العقـل ( طـريقـة التفكيـر .. شـئ ليـس لـه وجـود  - He changed his mind and bought the car.

* mind  =è   يمانــع   - I don’t mind helping you.

4- memory    =è  الذاكـرة              - My mobile has 1GB card memory

* memories =è     ذكـريـات     - We have good and bad memories.

* Souvenires  =è   هدايا تذكارية     - The tourist bought some souvenires to remind him of his visit.

5- foreigner  =è  -   أجنبـى  :ـ  ( شخـص من دولة أخـرى )   - He isn't from Egypt, he is a foreigner.

* Stranger   =è  غريـب  ( شخـص لا أعرفـه )   - I'm a stranger here, I don't know where the bank is.

6- sleep          sleepy      asleep           fast asleep        sleeping     

* sleep  =è    ينام   - I always sleep at 12 at night.

* Sleepy   =è   يغلبه النوم  ـ  منعوس   - While I was watching the film, I felt sleepy.

* Asleep   =è  نائـــم  - The baby is asleep.

* fast asleep   =è  مستغرق فى النوم   - He is fast asleep, He doesn't move.

* Sleeping  =è    صفة لغير العاقل   - The train has sleeping rooms

7- remind   =è    يــُذكر ـ  يتذكـر بواسطـة شخـص    - Remind me later.   - He reminds me of his father.

* Remember  =è   يتـذكر من تلقاء نفسـه   - She remembered to take medicine.

*remembering =è   التذكر - He is good at remembering names. Your brain stores past memories.

8- die of        =è  يموت بسبب مرض أو جوع أو عطش   - He died of cancer.

* die from ( a wound / an injury / a spider bite ) =è يموت من ( جرح / إصابة ـ  لدغة عقرب أو عنكبوت )

He died from the scorpion's bites.

* die out  =è  ينقرض  - Some dangerous animals died out.

9- do a favour  =è  معـروف  ـ  جميـل   - He did me a favour I won’t forget.

* favourable   =è  مؤيـد  ـ  مشجـع  ـ  فى صالـح   - The reviews on his films are favourable.

* ( be ) in favour of =è  مؤيـد لـ   - Some people are in favour of old cars.

* Favourite =è   مفضـل  ـ  محبـوب   - What’s your favourite subject ?

10-          win          beat           gain            earn

* Win  =è   ــ  يكسب  (  كأس  ـ  مبـاراة  ـ  إنتخـابات  )   يفـوز   - I hope Egypt  will win the cup.  

* beat ==è   يهـزم  ـ  يتغـلب على ( شخـص أو فـريق )    - America could beat Sadam.

* gain =è   يكتسب  ـــ  يحصل على شىء معنوى مفيد  ( خبـرة  ـ  معـرفة معلـومات  ـ  شهرة )   

You gained a lot of information from the conference  . 

وتشير الى زيادة فى الوزن ـ  السرعة ـ  الكمية

Ali gained 3 kilos in weight in the last month.           The plane gained speed to take off .

* Earn   =è   يكسب ( قوت أو رزق ) مقابل عمل   - People work hard to earn money.     

He works hard to earn his living .

11-    hike       trip                      picnic         journey       voyage        flight          tour

* Hike =è  رحلـة طويلـة سيـرا على الأقـدام  - We went for a long hike in the country.

* go for ( a hike )  =è  يذهـب فى رحلـة طويلـة سيـرا علـى الأقـدام   - He went for a hike in the country.

* Trip =è  رحلـة قصيـرة   - He is in a business trip in London.

* Picnic   =è  نزهـه خلويـه فى الهـواء الطلـق   - We had a picnic by the sea.

* Journey  =è   رحلـة طويلـة   - How long is the journey to the coast ?

* Voyage   =è   رحلـة بحريـة   - We went on a voyage by ship.

* Flight  =è   رحلـة جويـة   - The flight to Saudi Arabia took two hours.

* Tour  =è   جـولة سياحيـة   - We went on a tour to the city.

Grammar              (Conjunctions)

Clauses of contrast

*  Although, thought, even though , even if + فعل +  فاعل è جملة نتيجة متناقضة

    - People didn't believe him although / though he was honest.

جملة سبب متناقضة * + but / yet /however /still /nevertheless +è جملة نتيجة متناقضة

    He was honest, but / however people didn't believe him.

    * However + adj / adv + فعل +  فاعل =è  جملة نتيجة متناقضة

   - However honest he was , people didn't believe him

   - However quickly he spoke, we understood him.

    * adj / adv + as + فعل +  فاعل =è  جملة نتيجة متناقضة

   - Honest as he was, people didn't believe him.

   - Quickly as he spoke, we understood him.

   *Whatever + noun + فعل +  فاعل ( have / has / had ) =è  جملة نتيجة متناقضة

    Whatever honesty he had , people didn't believe him.

*Despite / In spite of / with all / for all / regardless of  + N / V+ ing è  جملة نتيجة متناقضة 

      Despite / In spite of     his honesty / his being honest, , people didn't believe him.

  - They continued the race although the storm was bad.
  They continued the race despite / in spite of the bad storm / the storm being bad
  The storm was bad, however they continued the race.
   However bad the storm was, they continued the race.
  Bad as the storm was, they continued the race.

Clauses of cause

جملة نتيجة*      +   because, as , since  + جملة سبب                         - He didn’t go to school as he was ill.

جملة نتيجة*      +  because of / for /due to / owing to /through / thanks to +--à noun / v+ing

                  + being +---------------------------------------------à adj

    - He didn’t go to school because of his illness / being ill.

    * جملة نتيجة+ so that / in order that / in the hope that + فاعل + can / could + Inf

    I went to Alexandria so that I could swim in the sea.

    * جملة نتيجة+ to / so as to / in order to + Inf.

    - …………. +  in the hope of  + à noun / v+ing

     I went to Alexandria so as to swim in the sea.

     I went to Alexandria in the hope of swimming in the sea.

    * جملة سبب + so /therefore/thus/hence/as a result of that /that’s why/consequently +ج. نتيجة

 I wanted to swim in the sea, that’s why I went to Alexandria.

Clauses of purpose or result

*………..+ so + adj / adv + that + جملة نتيجة                                   - The watch is so expensive that I can’t buy.

*It is / was…….such + a / an + adj + noun (موصوف) + that + جملة نتيجة

It is such an expensive watch that I can’t buy.

*………+ too + adj / adv + to + Inf

The watch is too expensive ( for me) to buy.

* الموصوف … Adj + enough + to + Inf---à   نستخدم هذا التركيب عندما تكون الجملة النتيجة مثبتة 

-The student is very clever. He can answer all questions.

-The student is clever enough to answer all questions.

أما أذا كانت جملة النتيجة منفية نستخدم التركيب الاتى :---                                                  

* الموصوف + ننفى فعل الجملة السبب + عكس الصفة المعطاة +  enough + to + Inf    

The watch isn’t cheap enough ( for me) to buy.

*So + Adj / Adv + فعل مساعد مناسب + فاعل الجملة السبب + ….. that + جملة نتيجة

So clever is the student that he can answer all questions.

* Such + a / an + adj + noun (موصوف) +  فعل مساعد مناسب + فاعل الجملة السبب + that + جملة نتيجة

-Such a clever student is he that he can answer all questions.

*and, as well as, in addition to , besides

• She bought a dress and a bag. = She bought a dress, as well as a bag. =  She bought a dress, in addition to a bag.                 - He finished his work and helped his friend.

Besides / In addition to / As well as + V+ ing …… , Subject + v + Object
Besides / In addition to / As well as   finishing his work, he helped his friend.

In addition + جمله كاملة  ==è  He finished his work. In addition, he helped his friend.

Ramy, as well as his friends, is honest.

ملحوظة مهمة :-  فعل الجملة التى تحتوى على as well as يتبع الفاعل الأول

* not only ... but... as well ___________ both …….. and

- She bought not only (both) a dress but (and) a bag as well.

- He not only (both) finished his work, but (and) he helped his friend as well.

- Not only (Both) did he finish his work, but (and) he helped his friend aswell

ملحوظة مهمة :-  عندما نعطف فعل على فعل والمطلوب أن نبدأ ب Not only / Both لابد أن نحول الجملة الأولى إلى صيغة سؤال

- Ramy is a teacher.        His friends are teachers.

 Both Ramy and his friends are teachers.               فعل الجملة دائما جمع لاحظ

 Not only Ramy but his friends are teachers.----àلاحظ فعل الجملة يتبع الفاعل الثانى   

  معلومة مهمة جداُ  \ 

  لتجنب تكرار نفس الفعل في نفس الجملة نستخدم  :

(…(جملة إثبات)….. and + فاعل   + فعل مساعد + too.)

(…(جملة منفية) )….. and + فاعل   + فعل مساعد + either.)

------(جملة إثبات)--------- -and so + فعل مساعد/ناقص + فاعل

---(جملة منفية)---------- and neither + فعل مساعد/ناقص  + فاعل

Ramy is a teacher and his friends are too à

Ramy is a teacher and so are his friends. è  (and so +  فعل مساعد+ فاعل   )

- Ramy isn’t a teacher.        His friends aren’t teachers.

- Neither Ramy nor his friends are teachers.-->       ويكون مثبت دائما يتبع الفاعل الثانى    لاحظ فعل الجملة

- Ramy isn’t a teacher and  His friends aren’t either.

- Ramy isn’t a teacher and neither / nor are his friends.

 as long as / provided (that) / providing / on condition that / in the event that / in case = if

- You can borrow the money as long as / provided that / if you pay it back next week.

- on condition of / in the event of / in case of /with/by + اسم    + v + ing

- You can borrow the money in case of / with / by paying it back next week.

- You can only go into the cinema if you have a ticket.

Unless = if not = except if   

But for / Without / If it weren't for ( 2 ) / If it hadn't been for ( 3 ) + N / V+ing  

- You will be late for work unless / except if you take a taxi.

- You will be late for work if you don't take a taxi.

- You will be late for work but for / without taking a taxi.

Mini-exam On Unit (2)

1- What would you say in these situations?

1-You want to know if your friend has watched his new DVD.

2-Your friend asks you about the country where Swift was born.

3-Someone says that the computer is very useful, you agree.

4- Your friend bought a new DVD last week. You want to know if he or she has watched it.

5- You want to know your friend's opinion of the DVD. What do you say

6-You want to know if you can watch the DVD when he or she has watched it. What do you say?

7- Your friend says Yes. You are very pleased. What do you say?

2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the sneakers are:

1- A: I'd like to know what is on today and when the last performance begins. Place :…………
B : It's a very good American film. The last                                                        A       :…………
performance begins at twelve o'clock p.m.                                                        B       :…………

2- A: Are you being served sir ?

B : No. No body has come to serve me.                                                    Place :……………..

A : Oh! Sorry sir. What would you like to have ?                                       A      :………….......

B : I'd like to have a cup of tea and some biscuits.                                    B      : …………......

3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1- He didn't go to work......... he was ill.                a- because     b- although    c- because of   d- however

2- Everyone admired Nagy ......... his cleverness.

a- despite      b- since        c- owing to     d- because

3- He tried hard to give up smoking,......... he failed.

a- as          b- however     c- although     d- in spite of

4- ......... rich he is, he doesn't spend much.   a- Although   b - Because     c- Despite    d- However

5- ......... his intelligence, he got low marks.   a- Despite     b- Although     c- However    d- In spite

6- People are still coming to this country ... there is an epidemic of flu.

a-because     b- although    c- despite      d- as

7- Strong .........he is, he couldn't lift the heavy box.

a- although         b- however            c- as           d" despite

8- Pupils go to school......... learn.             a-so as to          b-so that          c-in order that          d-for

9- He greeted us ......... we ignored him.        a- because           b- as          c- however           d- but

10-We moved the furniture round ......... we could make more space

a- in order to           b- so that        c- so as to      d- because

11 -1 got up late ......... I arrived at work late.        a- so          b- as           c- because          d- although

12-......... mistakes he made, we all forgave him.

a- Whatever   b- Although   c- However    d- Though

13-......... cooking for 10 people, she did all the washing up.

a- In addition b- As well      c- Besides      d- Not only

14-......... did I do my homework, but I also prepared a new lesson.

a- Besides     b- Not only     c- In addition d- As well as

15-......... you have a ticket, you will be allowed to enter.

a- As long as  b- Unless      c- Without     d- Although

16- You can ride it......... you're extremely careful.

a- unless      b- however     c- so that      d- provided that

17-......... I spent a lot of money, I didn't get what I wanted.

a- Though    b- However    c- Despite     d- Whatever

18-He is an expert at computers ......... he's only 13.

a- in spite of   b- despite      c- although     d- however

19-He's good at sports ......... he is not very academic.

a- despite     b- however     c- although     d- in spite

20- I missed the train ......... I was late for work.              

a- because     b- since        c- so that       d- consequently

21-We had to change the plans ......... the problems we had expected.
a- due to      b- since        c- because      d- as

22-I'll let you drive my car ......... you pass your test.

a- provided    b- unless       c- without      d- in case of

23-......... he never answers the phone, I'll have to write him a letter,

a-Because of       b-Due to      c-Since       d-Owing to

24-He opened the door ......... see who was there.

a- so as to     b- so that      c- in order that d- because

25-I repeated the message ......... I could be sure he understood.

a- so as to     b- in order to   c- so that       d- because of

26- My car is broken,......... I'll have to walk.         a- because     b- although    c- so that    d- therefore

27-I tried to phone you on your mobile ......... you had switched it off.

a- but         b- although    c- despite      d- in spite of

28- We played the match ......... the rain.              a- however    b- although    c- in spite of   d- though   
29- I'll go out......... it is raining.                   a- even        b- in case of    c- despite      d- even if

30-......... I didn't understand a word, I kept smiling.

a- Because       b- Since       c- Although        d- As

31-I don't like this suit......... it fits me.       

a- even though        b- since         c- when        d- because

4-Find and correct the mistakes:

1- They cancelled the journey because the bad weather.          

2- He can't come in because of the door is locked.      

3- We all admire him since his intelligence .                 

4- Fahmy didn't earn much despite he worked hard.

5- He passed the exam however his illness.                  6- As honest he is , we don't trust him.

7-Don't expect this machine to work very well therefore it is very ill.

8- Hazem went to the football match early so as to he wanted to get a good seat.

9- You have to write that number so that not to forget it.(in order to/ / because)

10-The thief hid in a secret place in order to he didn't want the police to arrest him.

11-I took a loan from the bank in order to I could start a new business .  

12- He plays chess very well and so am I.          11- Tamer, as well as Hany, were absent yesterday.                      

12- Not only she cooked the meal but did the washing up as well.            

13-Yesterday I finished my work besides went shopping.

14- As long as paying the rent, you can stay in this flat.

15-I was late for school consequently I missed the bus .            

16-I have to drive to downtown tonight despite the streets are very crowded.

17- Our team lost the match however they played well.

18- He can't solve the problem though he is not clever.              

19- Due to you refuse to cooperate, I'll be forced to take legal advice.)

20- I'm leaving so I'm fed up!           21-Bravely however they fought, they had no chance of winning.

22- You can't travel to any country provided you have a passport.

23-Jonathan Swift was born in Dublin, the larger city in Ireland.

24-Ireland belonged from Britain at that time.                 25-Swift died on 1745 , at the age of 78.

26-His most famous book was Gulliver's travels which were published in 1726.

27-He also wrote other famous book, including A Modest Proposal.

28- I can't think of an explanatory for the team playing so badly,
29- Some people enjoy Gulliver's Travels, but do not realise that it is a commentation on European politics.                                               30- Gulliver's Travels was publisher in 1726.

31- When I was a child, I couldn't think of imagination ideas, so my stories weren't very exiting.

32- Diplomatics are meeting to discuss relations between our two countries.

33- Winston Churchill was a famous British politics.   

34- I need to learn English but I want to work for an international  company.

35- If my brother works very hard, he doesn't earn much money.

36-I've been trying to contact my sister although she isn't answering her phone.

37- While you need to remember a date, write it in your diary.

38- The phone rang because I was having a shower.

39- The police found the stealing car 50 kilometres from where it was taken.

40- The people in our street are very neighbour. They always help each other.

41- My uncle is a represent for an international oil company.

42- You should not ridiculous people who have different ideas from you.

43- I fell off my bicycle but I was going round a corner.

44- Ali and his family have visited many countries, while they've never been to Europe.

45- Although you don't like hot weather, don't come to Egypt in July.

46- Because I've seen that film twice already, I'd love to see it again.

47- I'm working hard although I want to get a high mark in the test.

5-Writing  Write a letter to your pen-friend Peter to tell him about yourself and  family .Your name is Ahmad and you live at 150 Ramses Street , Cairo.

6-Translation  A) Translate into Arabic :

Terrorism threatens the people's security and endangers the future of the national economy. Security measures إجراءات أمنية are to be taken against such terrorists and terrorist acts.

B) Translate into English :

- يتسلم الكتاب والعلماء جوائز قيمة كل عام فى حفل كبير يحضره رئيس الجمهورية ليسلم جوائزهم .

- يجب أن تتمتع بعض الصفات المهمة مثل الشجاعة والتعاون .