Unit 1 : Reach For The Stars
1- Vocabulary
Launch يطلق / انطلاق (صاروخ / قمر صناعي) route طريق side
effects أثار جانبية
leak يتسرب
/ تسريب / تسرب deaf أصم expert خبير
mission مهمة lift يرفع / مصعد magic
feeling شعور سحري
temperature درجة
حرارة lake بحيرة below
أسفل
location موقع summer
holiday إجازة الصيف cost تكلفة
almost تقريبا stand
still يبقي ساكن examine يفحص
anniversary ذكري
سنوية transport نقل و مواصلات look like يشبه
organization منظمة probably من المحتمل improve يحسن
predict يتنبأ plan خطة satellite قمر صناعي
space station محطة
فضاء predictions تنبؤات global warming الاحتباس الحراري
spin تدور walk
round يتجول mobile
phone التليفون
المحمول
spinning wheel العجلة
الدوارة control يتحكم / تحكم repair يصلح / إصلاح
gravity جاذبية wheel
عجلة patient مريض
weightless بلا وزن mystery سر space
walk المشي
في الفضاء
horrible رهيب far
away بعيدا password كلمة السر
astronaut رائد فضاء secret سر fuel
pump مضخة وقود
treatment علاج system
نظام sat-nav system الملاحة عن طريق القمر الصناعي arable land أرض
قابلة للزراعة maximum
benefit فائدة قصوى
look down ينظر لأسفل well-trained مدرب
جيدا drill ثقب / حفر
gymnastics رياضة بدنية equipment معدات steam بخار / باخرة
سفر
disadvantage عيب space walk السير في الفضاء arrangements ترتيبات
technology تكنولوجيا do
sports ممارسة الرياضة keep
fit يبقي لائقا بدنيا
exploration استكشاف
مكان representative مندوب
/ ممثل currently حاليا
instant فوري queue
up يصطف compare يقارن
communication اتصالات rocket صاروخ vowel
sounds أصوات متحركة
climate change تغير
المناخ orbit مدار / تدور intention نية
exciting مثير distance مسافة radio
programme برنامج راديو
a tap صنبور spokes أسلاك temperature درجة
حرارة
air-conditioning التكييف zero gravity معدوم
الجاذبية world tourism السياحة
العالمية
replace يستبدل space
holidays رحلات الفضاء questionnaire استبيان
replacements بدائل space ship سفينة فضاء take
turn يأخذ بدوره
a diplomatic missionمهمة دبلوماسية outer space الفضاء الخارجي a
rescue mission مهمة إنقاذ
a political system نظام
سياسي a vast area مساحة
شاسعة humanitarian missionمهمة إنسانية
a grave violation انتهاك
خطير highly beneficial مفيد
للغاية reveal a secret يُفشي
سر
mutual benefit فائدة
متبادلة a space shuttle مكوك
فضاء distance learning التعلم عن
بعد
benefit the economy يفيد الاقتصاد
2- Important Definitions
examine : to look at something
carefully in order to find out something
launch (n) : when a spacecraft is
sent into space
leak (n) : a small hole that
liquid or gas gets out through
mission : an important job that
someone has been given to do
secret (adj) : known about by
only a few people
system : an organized way of
doing something.
repair : To fix something
currently : (happening) at the present
time
gravity : the force that makes
objects fall to the ground
gymnastics : a sport in which skilful
physical exercises and movements are performed
side effect : an unexpected result of
an activity, situation or event
spin (v) : to tum around and
around very quickly
spoke(n) : one of the thin
metal bars which connect the ring around the outside of a wheel to the centre
distance : the amount of space
between two places (usually in metres or kilometres)
weightless : having no weight
(especially when you are floating in space)
3- Language Notes
1- arrive reach get
to
·
arrive ( in – at )
He arrived in Cairo. يصـل مكـان
كبيـر He arrived at the airport. يصـل مكـان صغيـر
When did they arrive ? بـدون حـرف جـر
·
reach + object يصـل
بـدون حـرف جـر He reached the
airport.
·
get to يصــل
إلى (
بصعــوبة ) They
get to Cairo. They got to the Cairo airport on time.
2- souvenir memory memorial anniversary
·
souvenir هدية تذكارية
Tourists always buy souvenirs from Khan
ElKhalili.
·
memory الذاكـرة My mobile has 1GB card memory
·
memory ذكـري We
have good and bad memories.
·
Memorial نُصُب
تذكاري The wall was built as a memorial to soldiers
who died in Vitnam.
·
Anniversary ذكري سنوية
They celebrated their twentieth wedding anniversary yesterday.
3-
invent discover explore
·
Invent يخترع شىء
جديد لم يكن موجود من قبل Edison invented the electrical lamb.
·
Discover يكتشف
شىء كان موجـود ولكنة غير معروف Newten discovered gravity.
·
Explore يستكشف شىء
غريب و يعرف شىء عنه It
is said that Columbus landed on America
and explored it .
4- reform repair
·
reform إصلاح ( نظام ـ
مؤسسة ) Our country is in a bad need of essential
economic reforms.
·
Repairإصلاح - ترميم ( شئ أو مبنى ) The building is in need of repair. They agreed to pay the costs
of any repair.
5-
wonder wander
·
Wonder يتساءل ـ
يتعجب I wondered if I
would be invited to the party.
·
Wander يتجول We wandered about the
city square, and window-shopping.
6-
orbit spin
·
Orbit يدور حول شئ Satellites
orbit the earth.
·
Spin يدور بسرعة
جدا A
washing machine fan spins to clean clothes.
6-
expect
·
expect to + مصدر يتوقـع He expects to find a
good job soon.
·
expect ( that ) + Sub +
will + inf.يتوقـع فى المضارع
I
expect it will rain.
·
expected ( that ) + Sub
+ would + inf. فى الماضى I
expected it would rain.
7-
destination location site
·
Destination مكان الوصول ( المكان
المقصود ) Our luggage was
checked all the way through to our final destination.
·
Location موقع What
is the exact location of the ship.
·
Site موقـع أثـرى
/ بنـاء / موقـع على الانترنت Abu Simble is the site of two temples south
of Aswan.
8- launch shoot
emit erupt
·
Launch يطلق قمر
صناعى Egypt
launched two satellites.
·
Shoot يطلق النار
من ( مسدس ـ بندقية ......... ) The
soldiers shot the mad dog.
·
Erupt يثور ـ
ينفجر ( بركان ) The volcano
erupted and caused a lot of havoc.
·
Revolt يثور على (
وضع ـ
نظام ) Teenagers
always revolt against parental discipline.
9-
cause reason
·
Cause يسبـب What caused the fire?
·
cause of +اسـم سبـب What
was the cause of the fire?
·
reason with يحاول
إقـناع ـ
يتجـادل مـع I
reasoned with him for hours, but I couldn't make him change his mind.
·
reason out يستنتج
منطقيا ـ يقنع بالمنطق Reason
it out for yourself.
·
reason for + اسـم داع ـ مبـرر ـ سبب Can you give the reason for leaving ?
·
The reason why + جمــلة كامــلة Is
there a reason why you can't come?
10-
plane glider shuttle rocket spaceship
·
plane طائرة بمحرك We
always travel abroad by plane.
·
glider طائرة
شراعية بدون محرك A
glider can fly without an engine.
·
shuttle مكوك
فضاء A shuttle
can travel into space and return to Earth more than once.
·
rocket صاروخ Astronauts will fly by
rockets to a space station.
·
spaceship سفينة فضاء A spaceship can
travel to space.
11-
spend + time + (v+ing) يقضى I spent yesterday morning playing
tennis.
·
spend ينفق (
يصرف ) مال He
spent a lot of money last week.
12-
help
·
help to + inf. ( to )يساعد يأتى بعدها المصدر مسبوقا بـ He helped me to do the
job.
·
help + inf. ( to )يساعد
يأتي بعدها المصدر بـدون He
helped me do the job.
·
help ( with – in ) + n. يساعد شخص في شيء He
helped me with the job.
13-
affect effect
·
affect = have an effect
on يؤثـر
علـى Smoking affects health badly.
·
effect تأثيـر Smoking
has a bad effect on health.
14- Everyone / everybody /
someone / somebody / no one / nobody / person
·
لاحظ استخدام فعل مفرد مع الكلمات الآتية
ولكن عند الإشارة إليها بضمير نستخدم ضمير جمع:
Everyone benefits from space technology in
their everyday lives.
Everyone has their own ideas about the
best way to bring up children.
15-
everyday every day
·
everyday (adj.)
تستخدم
ككلمة واحدة بمعني يومي وهي في هذه الحالة صفة
The problems of everyday life have no
end. الحياة
اليومية
·
every day (adv.) تستخدم ككلمتين منفصلتين بمعني كل يوم وهي في هذه الحالة حال He
watches TV. every day.
16-
gymnastics ألعاب الجمباز (يليها الفعل فى صيغة المفرد
·
Gymnastics is a sport in
which physical exercises and movements are performed
4- Expressions
two- hour drive ساعتـان سفـر بالسيـارة reach
for the stars يطلـب المستحيـل
take off تقـلع fall
away into the sea يسقط في البحر
try my hardest أبـذل ما فـى وسعـى be
sick of يمل ـ يسأم من
set off يبـدأ رحلـة ـ يفجـر live
on another planet يعيش علي كوكب آخر
set up يـؤسـس the
growing number of العدد
المتزايد من
cope with= keep up
with يسـاير move
around يتنقل
keep mind occupied يشغـل
الذهـن go round يدور
cut out يتـوقـف فجـأة strapped
to مربوط بــ
cut off يوقـف إمـداد ـ يفصـل be
attached to مرتبط بـ / مرفق مع
at a height of على ارتفاع rely
on = depend on = count on يعتمد علي
treatment for علاج لـ take
off يقلع
Look down on ينظر من أعلى إلى look
after يعتني بــ
have fun with يجد متعة في.. feel
about يشعر بــ
do sports يؤدى رياضات problem
with مشكلة بـــ
launch a campaign يشن
حملة attach to يربط بـــ
launch a satellite يُطلق قمر صناعي fall
to the ground يسقط علي الأرض
queue up يصطف في طابور go
on space holidays يقوم بأجازة في الفضاء
turn around يستدير do
a space walk يقوم بالمشي في الفضاء
good luck with.. حظ سعيد في.. improve
living conditions يُحسن ظروف المعيشة
5- Language Functions
Agreeing with an opinion Disagreeing
with an opinion
I ( completely ) agree. I (
completely ) disagree.
I couldn't agree more I
don't agree.
Yes, you're quite right. I'm
not ( so ) sure .
I'd go along with that. That's true. That's not true.
6- Derivatives المشتقات
Verb فعل Noun اسم
Adjective صفة
launch ينطلق /
يطلق launch انطلاق
/ اطلاق
leak يتسرب leak تسرب leaky به
تسرب
explore يستكشف exploration استكشاف exploratory استكشافى
weigh يزن weight وزن weighty ثقيل
weightless منعدم الوزن
examine يفحص examination فحص examined مفحوص
treat يعالج
/ يعامل treatment علاج
/ معاملة treatable يمكن علاجه
improve يتحسن / يحسن improvement
تحسين / تحسن improved محسن
7- Grammar
Future time
o
الكلمــات الدالــة عليـــه :ـ
tomorrow – in
the future – shortly – soon – in a few days – next
( week – month…. )
- Tomorrow I will visit
my uncle. - Next
week she will go to Cairo.
o
عبـارات تستخـدم مـع المستقبـل مثـل :
hope
– think – expect – sure – promise – probably.
- I hope I shall see him
again. - I
expect he will win the match.
o
نفـى المستقبـل البسيـط :- نستخــدم أداة النفي not بعــد will أو shall
- He will come to
me. - He will play the match.
- He will not come to
me. - He will not play the match.
*يمكن التعبير عن المستقبل باستخدام (will / shall) أو (be going to) أو
المضارع المستمر أو المضارع البسيط أو المستقبل المستمر
نستخدم
(will) للتعبير عن :--
1-
حقيقة مستقبلية================> She will be sixty next year.
2-
قرار سريع (وقت الكلام) ==========> I will have some coffee, please.
3-
تنبؤ بالأحداث فى المستقبل==========> The bus will arrive soon.
4- طلب ===========> Will
you lend me some money ?
5- عرض===========> I will help you with your homework.
6-
تهديد ===========> I will resign if I don’t get a pay rise.
7- عمل
ترتيبات =======> I will meet you at the party tomorrow.
8- مع
أدوات الربط الزمنية ========> We will wait for him until he comes.
* نستخدم ( going
to ) للتعبير عن :--
1-
نية تم التخطيط لها - He is turning on the radio. He is going to listen to news.
2- تنبؤ بحدث فى المستقبل ويوجد له دليل الآن - I think
it's going to rain. The sky is cloudy.
*نستخدم المضارع المستمر للتعبير عن
حدث فى المستقبل تم الترتيب والإعداد له
- I'm
giving a party next week. I've arranged everything.
* نستخدم المضارع البسيط للتعبير عن
حدث مؤكد فى المستقبل بسبب جدول مواعيد أو نتيجة تقويم
وبعد أدوات
الربط الزمنية.
- The plane arrives at 10 pm tomorrow.
- Students start their
final exams on June 13th next year.
-
We will wait for him until he comes.
*نستخدم المستقبل المستمر للتعبير عن
حدث فى المستقبل سيكون مستمرا عند حدوث حدث آخر
- From 2
to 4 tomorrow, we will be playing tennis.
Mini-exam on Unit 1
1) Respond to the following situations:
1. Ahmed
asks you about your favourite subject.
2. A
friend asks you about the subjects you are studying at school.
3. Your
cousin offered you a computer as a birthday present.
4. Maha
asks you why you like English.
|
1. A: Hello! Can I help you, sir?
B: Yes, I'd like to have a single
room, please.
A: With or without a bathroom?
B: With a bathroom.
|
2. A: I'd like a ticket to Alex, please.
B: Here you are.
A: Thanks. How much is it?
B: It's 20 pounds.
B-
Vocabulary and Structure
3) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1. What makes objects fall to the ground is called ( gravity
– grave – attraction – exploration).
2. When we say turn around and around very quickly we mean
(spin – rotation - lap – axis).
3. The car stopped because there was a ( traffic - lake –
leak - lack ) in the petrol tank.
4. Our air-conditioning has broken down, but someone is
coming to(fax, fix, launch, seek ) it tomorrow.
5. Computer passwords should always be ………………. You should
never tell anyone.
(
secret – known – disbelieved - incredible )
6. The astronauts went on a two-hour ……………… to replace a
broken fuel pump.
( side
walk - space walk - country walk - walk )
7. Some drivers have a sat-nav …………….. in their car to help
them find the best route.
(discipline
- system – circulation – repair )
8. The rocket is going to reach the Moon on Tuesday.
Everyone watched the …………. on TV.
(
lunch-launch – exploration - excavation )
9. Space ( tasks –
jobs – missions – discussion ) can take several years.
10. The contents of the report were ( baked – cheated –
liked – leaked ) to the press.
11. ……………… is a sport in which physical exercises and
movements are performed.
(
Statistics – Gymnastics – Classics – Mechanics )
12. Astronauts usually work in (weightless – useless –
hopeless - meaningless) conditions.
13. A space station will ( turn – spin – move – orbit ) the
Earth.
14. The doctor( expected – extended – examined – explained )
the patient carefully.
15. China is going to ( launch – branch – bunch – crash ) a
new satellite into space soon.
16. A thin metal bar which connects the ring around the
outside of a wheel to its centre is called…..
( spin – spoke – speak - rotate )
17. ( distant – distance – instance – molecule ) is the
amount of space between two places.
18. People usually ( queue – line – vote – stand ) to book
their holidays every year.
19. …………….. is the
force that makes things fall to the ground when they are dropped.
(
Graveyard – Gravity – Grave – Graphics )
20. The station will be like a giant ( spin – spins –
spinning – spun ) wheel.
21. ( Astrologers – Astronomers – Philosophers – Astronauts)
are the crew of a spacecraft.
22. You'll have to queue ( over – on – up – out ) and wait
your turn like everybody else.
23. He did a lot to (approve – move - improve - destroy) conditions for factory
workers.
24. Everyone knows who stole it, but ( he – you – she – they
) are all afraid to tell anyone.
25. The Moon has ……………….. gravity than the Earth, so you
could jump much higher there.
(
more – much – few – less )
26. Doing( housework- homework – exercise – research ) is a
very good way of keeping fit.
27. Two of the ……………… on the front wheel of my bike were
broken in the accident.
(
bikes – handles - speaks – spokes )
28. The( travel – flights –stance –distance ) between Cairo
and London is 3,500
kilometres.
29. When you are (weightily – weightless - float - fly) in
space, it must be very difficult to
stand still.
30. ………………… I'm working for important exams. Then, when I
finish, I'm going on holiday.
(
Recently – currently- Lately- Formally )
31. ( Side way- Aside - Side effect – Affect ) is an
unexpected result of an activity.
32. July 2009 was the 40th ………………… of man first walking on
the Moon.
(
adversary – universally – university – anniversary )
33. A patient sometimes suffers from( edge – side – part –
slide) effects when he takes a medicine.
34. A: I am going on holiday tomorrow. B: I'm sure
you...............it.
a- are going to
enjoy b-
are enjoying c- enjoy d-
will enjoy
35. The population of Cairo...............reach 15 millions
by 2020.
a- would b- is going
to c-
will d- is going
36. I think the weather in England.............. .cold and
rainy.
a- will be b- is going to
be c- is
being d- shall be
37. There's not a cloud in the sky- it...............another
very sunny day.
a- will be b- is going to
be c-
is being d- will
38. I think you...............very good at squash.
a- is going to be b-
are being c- are going be d-
will be
39. The astronauts went on a two-hour ………………….. to replace a
broken fuel pump.
a- side walk b- space walk c- country walk d- walk
40. The rocket is going to reach the Moon on Tuesday.
Everyone watched the …………… on TV.
a- lunch b- launch c- exploration d- excavation
4) Find the mistakes and write the sentences correctly:
1- The doctor
exchanged me carefully before he gave me the medicine.
2- The car stopped
because there was a lake in the petrol
tank.
3- Our
air-conditioning has broken down, but someone is coming to reform it tomorrow.
4- Computer
passwords should always be available. You should never tell anyone.
5- Some drivers have
a sat-nav discipline in their car to help them find the best route.
6- The rocket is
going to reach the Moon on Tuesday. Everyone watched the lunch on TV.
7- The Moon has less
gravitate than the Earth, so you could jump much higher there.
8- Doing
gymnasium is a very good way of keeping
fit.
9- Two of the spokes
on the front wheel of my bike were broken in the accident.
10- The distant
between Cairo and London is 3,500 kilometres.
11- When you are
weight in space, it must be very difficult to stand still.
12- Current, I'm
working for important exams. Then, when I finish, I'm going on holiday.
13- Space fashions
can take several years.
14- Look at those
clouds! It will rain.
15- I expect they are
being here soon.
16- Omar's wife is
pregnant. He will have a baby.
17- Do you think you
are passing the test?
18- She intends to
visiting her aunt next Friday.
19- As soon as he
will meet his friend, he will go to the theatre.
20- She won't go
shopping when she has dusted the furniture.
21- The shirt is
fashionable; I would buy it soon.
22- I am calling the
police if you don't stop this noise.
23- I think he crash.
He is driving in a crazy way.
24- He travels to
Paris tomorrow. He's got the ticket.
25- The film shall
start at 7 p.m. tomorrow evening.
26- The water is
boiling – I am going to turn the gas off.
27- It will rain. The
sky's looking very dark.
28- They will leave
for London tomorrow. They've arranged everything.
29- From 5 to 6 tomorrow,
I am studying English.
30- There are black
clouds in the sky . It will rain heavily.
31- Someone is at the
door. I am going to answer it.
32- Alaa shall be 22
next Friday .
33- The plane is
going to land at 7,15 a.m.
34- It's hot. I'm
going to open the window.
35- I will be washing
the car for you, sir.
36- There is a hole
in the bottom of the boat. It will sink.
37- As soon as he
will finish the project, he will go abroad.
38- When I find
somewhere to live, I would give you my address.
39- I need to get
fit, so I’ve made a decision. I do more exercise.
40- I expect he is
going to pass the exam.
41- Perhaps it is
raining tomorrow.
42- I hope he is
getting better soon.
43- Look at those
black clouds. It will rain.
44- I feel terrible.
I think I’ll be sick.
45- The film is
starting at 7.30.
(C) Reading
Comprehension and Set Books
5) Read the following passage then answer the questions:
William Shakespeare was born in the market
town of Stratford-upon-Avon . It is said that he attended the local grammar
school, where the principal subject taught was Latin. Nothing certain is known
of what he did between the time he left school and his departure for London .
Whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth, the world can be grateful
that he did so . What is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame
when he arrived in London . It is said that at first he was without money or
friends there, but after that he earned a little by taking care of the horses
of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theatre. In time, as he became a
familiar figure to the actors in the theatre, they stopped and spoke to him .
They
found his conversation so brilliant that finally he was invited to join their
company . By 1592 he became one of the three leading members of a company of
actors called the Lord Chamberlain's Men . This company was under the
protection of the Queen's Court. From what we know of his later life, it is
clear that Shakespeare's connection with the theatre made him a wealthy man,
since his plays attracted large audiences and he shared in the profits .
Towards
the beginning of the seventeenth century not less than eleven of his plays were
produced. These included the great tragedies;" Othello ","
Macbeth " and " King Lear" His last work was" The
Tempest".
A)
Answer the following questions :
1.
Why did the actors at the theatre invite
Shakespeare to join their company ?
2.
What language did Shakespeare learn at his
early life ? Where ?
3.
Why did Shakespeare look after the
gentlemen's horses when he first arrived in London ?
B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :
4.
The words" he did
so" written, in black-type, refer to.........................
a) he
set his foot on the road to fame b)
he left school
c) he learnt Latin d) he left Stratford-upon-Avon
5.
The passage gives us a
good lesson that it is better......................
a) to look after horses b) to talk to actors
c) to endure hardships or obstacles d) to be a wealthy man
6) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Man's life has been subject to a lot
of change during the last hundred years, particularly in what is connected with
his consuming استهلاكhabits.
Sixty years ago, before the start of the consumer societies جمعيات
استهلاكية of today's
world, people did not throw away so many of the things they used. They used and
re-used bottles, jars برطمانات, cardboard كارتون boxes, paper bags, etc. much more carefully than we do today.
Now, more than fifty years later, we are returning to the same good idea which
we now call "recycling".
We
can again think about what we throw out. Why do we throw away so much food
packaging تعبئة, so many plastic supermarket bags,
old newspapers, old books, bottles and cans علب? What
is all this rubbish doing to our environment, to the world we live in? Can't we
use some of it again? The answer is: yes, we can. New industries - recycling
industries - are starting to re-use some
of our rubbish. For example, the island of Taiwan now buys tons of waste paper
from the U.S.A. and recycles it to make newspapers,
and for use in offices and homes. Japan takes scrap metal from the U.S.A. and
makes some new parts with it. Most European and American cities now have
"recycling centres" for people's old bottles and newspapers. All this
recycling is not only good for the environment but it is good business, too.
For instance, a recycled aluminum container is 20% cheaper to make than a new
one. For both the environment and the economy, recycling makes very good sense.
A)
Answer the following Questions:
1. What
"change" does the writer refer to in the first paragraph?
2. Mention two
industries that make use of rubbish.
3. What does the
underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refer to?
B)
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
4. Our grandparents
were ................ than we are today.
a) less careful b) more careful c) more economic d) less wise
5. Recycling our
rubbish means ............................
a) throwing it away b) keeping it c) encircling it d) using it again
D- The Novel
E- Writing
8)
Write a paragraph on:
"Purposes of using the internet "
F- Translation
9)
A- Translate into Arabic:
- In the field of space, it is expected to set up a
completely artificially constructed space colony there . According to experts'
reports, it is already technically feasible
to achieve such a great project. Future will witness further development
in this field .
-Most of the energy we use today
comes from coal, oil and gas. But these will not last forever, and burning them
is slowly harming the environment. So we need to look for other ways of
supplying energy.
B)
Translate into English:
1- نحن نعيش الأن عصر الأتصالات الذى جعل العالم
عالما مفتوحا (ث0ع 2008)
2- يجب على الوالدين توجيه ورعايه
ابنائهم ليواصلوا رحله الحياه بأمان (ث0ع 2008)
3- سوف تتحقق في المستقبل القريب
سياحة الفضاء التي سينجذب إليها الكثير من الناس.
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