السبت، 6 سبتمبر 2014

Unit 3 2nd Year

Unit 3 : Today’s money
Vocabulary
Growth                                نمو / زيادة
websiteموقع علي الانترنت                     
Banking                صرافة / تعاملات بنكية
Complain                                  يشكو
Survey                  دراسة / استطلاع رأي
Costتكلفة                                        
Charitable                                 خيري
customs                               الجمارك
cash machine          ماكينة الصرف الآلي
coinsعملات معدنية                                
complaint                              شكوى
Banknotes                       عملات ورقية
adultكبير / بالغ                                  
Prevent                                       يمنع
Relaxيسترخي                                    
catch a diseaseيصاب بمرض             
income                                     دخل
economy                              الاقتصاد
popularity                                 شعبية
economic                              اقتصادي
passengerراكب / مسافر                     
Scientist                                      عالم
Depositيودع                                     
take a photograph          يلتقط صورة
Withdrawيسحب                               
Design                           يصمم / تصميم
bank clerk                          موظف بنك
report                                        تقرير
include                                      يشمل
Attract                                       يجذب
Details                                    تفاصيل
In detail                                 بالتفصيل
Investيستثمر                                      
investor مستثمر                              
Investment استثمار                            
risk                               يجازف \ مجازفة
riskyمجازف                                       
online shopping       التسوق عبر الانترنت
user-friendly                   سهل الاستخدام
surf the internet  بحث عن معلومات علي الانترنت
traditionalتقليدي                                
debit cardبطاقة مسبوقة الدفع                  
catalogue                                كتالوج
credit card                        بطاقة  ائتمان
accountحساب                                  
cashنقد                                         
Activityنشاط                                     
Chequeشيك                                     
Attract ( --ion )                يجذب (جذب)
Interestingly              من المثير للاهتمام
Infection                                  عدوي
Projects                              مشروعات
Currency                        عملة (الدولة )
cheap                                   رخيص
expensive = costly                    غالي
incredible                              لا يصدق
impossible                             مستحيل
puzzle                                يحير / لغز
immediately                         فورا    
flying = aviationالطيران                    
language                                     لغة
amount                               كمية / مبلغ
share                    يشارك \ حصة \ نصيب
disabled peopleالمعاقون                   
convenient                               ملائم
Actually                                 في الواقع
Damagedتالف                                
order an item          يطلب شيء أو سلعة
Chequeشيك                                     
attract                                     يجذب
Interestingly               من المثير للاهتمام
Bargain      صفقة رابحة / يساوم / يفاصل             
broadband connection    وصلة انترنت سريعة
Expressions
buy + الشيء  for  +  الشخص      يشترى لـ                       at a good price                                                بسعر جيد
pay for                               يحاسب على /  يدفع ثمن         sell – buy on credit                            يبيع/ يشترى بالأجل
pay in cash                           يدفع نقداُ                        exchange rate                        سعر الصرف      
pay by ( with ) credit card    يدفع ببطاقة ائتمان            raise / increase the price      يرفع السعر
similar to                                مشابه لـ                        reduce/ bring down the price        يقلل السعر
the same(as)                         تماما مثل                       the prices rise / go up                                    الأسعار ترتفع
give back = repay        يٌعيد /  يرجع / يدفع ما عليه          the prices fall / go down        الأسعار تنخفض
run out of                               ينفذ                              control the prices                   يتحكم فى الأسعار
a uniform value                    `ذو قيمة موحدة               be good value for money      يستحق ما يدفع فيه من مال
keep its value                       يحافظ على قيمته              be poor value for money       لا يستحق ما يدفع فيه من مال
make coins                            يصنع عملة معدنية           financial crises                       الأزمة المالية

Language Notes
1-         habit       custom        tradition
* Habit                  :     Smoking is a bad habit.                  .عـادة شخـص     
* Custom   :   Celebrating Sham El-Nasim is an Egyptian custom.    عـادة شعب
* Tradition : She wrote under a pen name because of the traditions she was brought up in. تقاليد
2- raise ( d ) + مفعـول ===è   يـربى حيوانـات / يجمـع مـال / يرفـع
*  arouse ( d )  + ( مفعـول ) ===è   يثيـر/ يحث /  يوقـظ 
*  rise -  rose  - risen  ( بـدون مفعـول )   ===è          يرتفـع / تشـرق / ينهـض / يـزداد         
*  arise -  arose  - arisen  ( بـدون مفعـول )   ===è    ينشأ عن         
3- exchange                : استبدال أو تبـادل  ـ  يستبـدل  ـ  يتبـادل
* exchange ….with   :  يتبـادل شئ  مـع شخـص
* exchange …..for     :  يستبـدل   شيئـا بشي  أو  شخصـا بشخـص آخـر 
4- between  =====è   بين إثنين        He sat between Ahmed and Ali.
* Among   =====è   بين أكثر من إثنين   She sits among her friends.
5- Do    ======è  internet banking   يتعامل مع البنك عن طريق الانترنت
6- Do / make / carry out a survey   يقوم بعمل دراسة أو استطلاع رأي
7- Like ------------ best / most       الأكثـر    
Which school subject do you like most?                         I like English best.
8- special  = ( not ordinary )     من نوع خاص/ متميز 
- The government gives special care to reclaiming the desert.  - This is a special kind of cloth.
* private  (opposite: public)  خاص ( تفيد الملكية)    
He is very rich. He has 3 private cars.
Grammar Unit : 3
The present perfect tense            have / has + p.p.  سبق شرحه بالتفصيل فى الوحدة الأولى  

The past perfect tense                 had + p.p.
يعبر الماضى التام عن حدث تم قبل حدث آخر فى الماضى أو تم قبل وقت معين فى الماضى
- I found the book which I had lost.
- I had done my task by 11 o’clock yesterday.
** She finished her work.                           Then, she went back home.
*Before /By the time + الحدث الثانى  +  الحدث الأول (ماضى تام)
Before /By the time she went back home, She had finished her work.
*After / when / once /  as soon as / The moment +     الحدث الأول (ماضى تام)  +     الحدث الثانى
After she had finished her work, she went back home.
* Before going back home, She had finished her work.
*After /when / once /On / In / Immediately at/on finishing her work, she went ……….
*Having + P.P. ………+   الحدث الثانى
Having finished her work, she went back home.
*الحدث الثانى منفى  + until / till + الحدث الأول (ماضى تام)
She didn’t go back home until / till She had finished her work.
*الحدث الثانى منفى  + without +  V+ing ( من الحدث الأول )
She didn’t go back home without finishing her work.
* فاعل الحدث الأول  + had + no sooner + P.P. …………. than + الحدث الثانى
- فاعل الحدث الأول  + had + hardly + P.P. …………. when + الحدث الثانى
- فاعل الحدث الأول  + had + scarcely + P.P. …………. when + الحدث الثانى
- She had no sooner finished her work than she went back home.
* No sooner +  had + فاعل الحدث الأول  +  P.P. …………. than + الحدث الثانى
- Hardly        +  had + فاعل الحدث الأول  +   P.P. …………. when + الحدث الثانى
-Scarcely     +  had + فاعل الحدث الأول  +  P.P. …………. when + الحدث الثانى
- No sooner had she finished her work than she went back home.
* It was only when +   الحدث الأول (ماضى تام)  +     الحدث الثانى
- It was only when she had finished her work, she went back home.
*It wasn’t until +   الحدث الأول (ماضى تام)  + that +     الحدث الثانى
- It wasn’t until she had finished her work that she went back home.
- She only went back home when / after she had finished her work.
لتفضيل شئ عن شئ نستخدم التركيبات الاتية:- 
#  Prefer  --->         sth                                           to                 --->            sth
             --->   V+ing                                                                --->       V+ing
# Like    --->         sth                              more / better than     --->           sth
               --->      V+ing                                                                --->          V+ing
#  Would rather  --->          sth                             than  --->                    sth
                            --->         Inf.                                          --->                     Inf.
I like reading novels more / better than watching Tv.     ( prefer )    ( rather )
- Liking & Disliking
- I like / adore / am keen on = am interested in = am fond of = crazy about = have an interest in +  v+ing
- He doesn't like = hates = loathes = isn't keen on = isn't interested in = isn't fond of = isn't crazy about = doesn't have an interest in = can't stand  + v+ing
Mini-exam on Unit 3
1) What would you say in these situations?
a You would like to ask someone about the subjects they are studying at school.
b You want to ask this person which subject they like best.
c You want to ask the same person the reason why they like this subject best.
d It is the end of your interview. You would like to thank the person for answering your questions.
2) Say where these mini dialogues take place and who the speakers are.
1-A : How do you feel today ?                                                        Place: ……………………
B : Much better. The medicine you gave me is very good        Speaker A: ………………
A : You've to stay in bed for 2 days .                                                           Speaker B: ………………
2-A : Have you got anything to declare, sir ?                              Place: ……………………
B : No, sir .                                                                                         Speaker A: ………………
A : Could you open your case, please ?                                      Speaker B: ………………
3) Choose the correct answer from a, b. c or d:
1- We left the cinema after the film .........
a-ends       b-has ended       c- would end      d-had ended
2- He ......... his lessons well before he took his exams.
a- won't revise    b- hadn't revised    c- doesn't revise       d- hasn't revised
3- It......... to rain as soon as we had left the house.
a- had begun  b- begins      c- began       d- will begin
4- I went out for a walk after I......... dinner.
a- had had    b- have        c- have had    d- having
5- The crowd ......... the stadium until the game had ended.
a- hadn't left         b- don't leave        c- won't leave           d- didn't leave
6- They ......... every thing by the time I arrived at the party.
a- eat         b- has eaten          c- had eaten            d- are eating
7- We stopped after ......... our work.
a- had finished           b- finishing              c- finished         d- finish
8- I......... my car after I had found a space.
a- parked        b- had parked          c- was parking         d- has parked
9- He had read the book before he ......... some notes on it.
a- had made               b- making         c- made          d- makes
10-1 took the medicine when I......... a meal.
a- have       b- have had      c- will have      d- had had
11-By the time we ......... at the bus stop, the bus had left.
a- had arrived           b- arrived         c- arrive       d- have arrived
12-She had read the questions carefully before ......... them.
a- answered                b- answer         c- answering       d- would answer
13-No sooner ......... home than it began to rain.
a- I had returned       b- had I returned        c-I returned      d-I have returned
14-We didn't go home until we ......... our work.
a- had finished          b- finish         c- finishing       d- will finish
15-I missed the train because it......... early.
a- had left     b- leaves       c- would leave     d- was leaving
16-They decided that the van driver ......... the accident.
a- has caused           b- causing        c- had caused         d- causes
17-The fish was fresh when I......... it.
a- bought           b- buy        c- would buy     d- had bought
18-I wasn't sure where the parcel......... from.
a- comes     b- had come   c- has come    d- is coming
19-I didn't see him. When I arrived at the party, he .........
a- has left          b- heaves          c- would leave             d- had left
4) Find the mistakes and rewrite the sentences correctly:
1- I had picked the flowers after I put them in a vase.    
2- I didn't write the letter until I took it to the post office. 
3- He worked for himself before he had left his job.  
4- I didn't feel better before I had taken the medicine.
5- I had bought a computer as soon as I saved enough money.        
6- No sooner the fire had broken out in the building than the firemen arrived.            
7- It wasn't when she had collected the parcel that she realized that it was the wrong one.
8- We reached the cinema by the time the film had started.    
9- It was only when she bought the dress that she had compared the prices.    
10- Having finished our work, we had gone for a walk.
11- Hardly the fire had broken out in the building when the firemen arrived.
12- I like reading novels to watching Tv.    
13- I'd rather reading novels than watching Tv.
14- I prefer read novels than watch Tv.    
15- I just seen my friend Nadia. She's going shopping with her mother.     
16- I'd sent you an e-mail earlier this morning.
17- When my father come home, I was finishing my homework.
18- Mahmoud gave me back my book today. It has taken him only two days to read it.    
19- In June 2006, I've visited my uncle in Australia.    
20- I have never visiting Europe.
21- By the time my father was 18, he has been at work for two years.
22- What were you been doing when I called?
23- I didn't see my friend. When I arrived at her house, she has gone out.
24- My sister's really happy. She just won the school maths prize.
25- In the past, people were thinking the earth was flat.
26- Surving the internet means searching for information through the net.
28- The postman brought a new clothes catalogues this morning. It has more than a thousand pages and is very heavy.
29- If you have a broadhand connection, you can connect to the internet very quickly.
30- My uncle has had a bank accountancy since he was 18 and he has saved a lot of money.
31- Many people prefer the tradition way of buying things from shops and markets.
5) Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
The story of money
Today, most people put their cash into a bank account. Thousands of years ago, people did not use money at all. If they wanted to have something, they gave the owner something that belonged to them. Later, many different things were used as money in different parts of the world, including sharks' teeth.
In time, people decided to use gold as money because everybody accepted it and it looked beautiful. The first gold coins were made in Lydia (now western Turkey). But gold was very heavy. The Chinese were the first people to make and use paper money. When the Italian explorer Marco Polo went to China in the thirteenth century, he was surprised to see people using paper money. Later, in Europe, people started to leave their gold in banks and paid for things with notes from their bank. Today, people still use coins and bank notes, but there are many other ways of paying, including cheques, credit cards and online payments.
A) Answer the following questions:
1-Thousands of years ago, what did people do if they wanted something?
2-Why did people choose gold as a kind of money?
3-Why do you think the Chinese used paper money?
B) Choose the correct answers:
1- Where do most people keep money these days?
a-  in their pockets     b- under their bed      c- in a bank account      d - in a box
2- What was the problem with gold?
a- There wasn't enough for everyone.                    b- It was very heavy.
c-Some people didn't think it was real money       d-People preferred bank notes.
6) Write a paragraph about a job you would like to do when you finish your education.
7- A) Translate into Arabic:
The government always tries to increase production in all fields. In agriculture, for instance, it has prepared a plan for land reclamation and cultivation. It has also obtained loans in order to be able to use machines in agricultural projects.
B) Translate into English:
- إن إقامة المكتبات العامة واجب وطنى لتنشئة جيل واعى.        
- كل الأديان السماوية تدعو إلى مقاومة الإرهاب ونبذه.
- تلعب الرياضة دورا مهما في بناء الشخصية. فهى تقوى أبداننا وتنعش عقولنا.

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